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Spoken Accent
An spoken accent is a style of speech of a certain area. Such as a Republic of Ireland accent.
Some can be difficult to decipher, as people of another area can not understand them...
What is Acoustic Phonetics?
Acoustic Phonetics is is a branch of phonetics that studies the acoustic properties of spoken languages, as sound waves, or as commonly put — "as variations of air...
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An adverb is a word that modifies a verb and tells how something is done.
I want them to die slowly.
The vengeful speaker above is using an adverb to describe how he wants his hated enemies to...
An affix is an element that isn't a word on it's own. They are added to a words.
A prefix is an affix placed at the beginning of a word.
A suffix is an affix placed at the ending of a word.
An...
Africaans is a language that is a modified version of Dutch that is changed to suit African languages. Because it is a modification of Dutch, it is included the the Germanic language...
Agreement is a grammatical relation between two words, such as a noun and adjective that agree in number (plural or single).
For example, in Spanish, the adjective agrees with the noun in...
An airstream mechanism is a way of creating an airstream used in speech. As all speech begins as a basic, unmodified airstream, this is the heart of Articulatory Phonetics.
Related...
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Hiragana
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Footnotes
1. That is, with the exclusion of j and w, which hadn't been invented yet.
Alteration is a change in the spelling of a word depending on the location of the letters in the word.
For example, when leaf is made plural, it becomes leaves. In Spanish, when luz becomes...
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Transformational Grammar
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American Sign Language is a sign language that approximates English.
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English
Sign Language
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Categories: Languages
Amharic is a language spoken in Ethiopia. It uses it's own alphabet, and there are about 25,000,000 speakers. It's also spoken in Israel.
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List of Languages
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An anaphor is a word or phrase which references another part of the sentence that came before it. Pronouns are anaphors. The part of the sentence referred to by an anaphor is known as its...
Anthropological linguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies language in relation to the culture that uses it. The general idea is that the language used by a culture can provide insights...
Aphasia is a partial or total loss of a person's ability to use the language due to brain damage.
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Language Pathology
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Applied Linguistics is a field of Linguistics which concerns itself with how to teach a language, and how students learn language in a formal setting, such as a school.
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Arabic is a language spoken mostly in the Middle East.
Arabic may be related to the ancient language of Aramaic, the current writer isn't sure.
Related...
Aramaic (not to be confused with Amharic) is a language spoken in Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. There are about 25,000,000 speakers of it.
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List of...
An article is an adjective but is still has it's own unique classification as one of the Parts of Speech.
Types of Articles
Definite Articles
Esperanto has only one article, and that one is a...
What is Articulatory Phonetics?
Articulatory Phonetics, a branch of phonetics, is the study of how the sounds of languages are created by the speech organs.
Airstream Mechanism
An airstream...
What is an Artificial Language?
Artificial Languages are constructed languages intended to serve some purpose — whether it be to create an international language to usher in world peace —...
Auditory Phonetics is a branch of phonetics that studies how the sounds of speech are perceived.
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Acoustic Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics
Phonetics
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An auxiliary verb or helping verb is a verb that modifies another verb ( and is not an adjective ).
In the below example, go is the main verb, will is the auxiliary verb.
He will go to hell for...
Basque is a northern Spanish language that is derived from the Celtic language family.
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Celtic
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Spain
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Bilingualism is the ability of a segment of the population to speak two languages where there is language contact of two languages.
Bilingualism naturally occurs where people have been exposed...
Bohemian Romani was a language spoken in Western Bohemia (Western Czech Republic) until the end of WWII. Due to the fact that most speakers were Jewish; and were sent to concentration...
Cantonese is a dialect of Chinese spoken in Guangxi and Hong Kong. It has between 9 to 12 tones, as 3 of them can change frequently.
People who have studied both Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese...
There are 6 tones in Cantonese. Each can change the meaning of a word if mispronounced:
High Level (1)
Low-Mid to High (2)
Mid Level (3)
Low-Mid to Low (4)
Low to Low-Mid (5)
Low-Mid Level...
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Chile is a small, narrow country that sits along the coast of South America.
Languages Spoken
The official language of Chile is Spanish, spoken with a distinct South American accent.
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Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin Chinese is the most spoken type of Chinese in China. All Chinese type languages use the same writing system, although some colloquialisms do exist. Mandarin has 4 tones...
Mandarin Pronunciation
The main thing to remember in Mandarin is that there are four tones and a neutral.
The 1st tone is marked with a line ("a" + "-" = "ā"). This is a high, even and constant...
Syntax
Sentences are in the form of SVO, like in English. The main time this changes are when the idea of time is added.
"Wo3 ming2tian1 yao4 dao4 Bei3jing qu4" = "I'm going to go to Beijing...
Traditional Characters are the old way of writing Chinese. These have lots of strokes in them, and can be harder to write and...
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Cognitive Linguistics is a branch of Linguistics that studies language from the point of view of cognitive psychology.
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Contents
Reviser's Preface
Preface
A Few Remarks on the Combined Method
Preliminary Lesson on Orthography and Pronunciation
Lesson I.
1.
Regular verbs, classified in three...
Introduction : Orthography and Pronunciation.
The Alphabet.
The Spanish Alphabet contains twenty-eight letters, exclusive of W, which is used in foreign words only, and is pronounced as in...
De Tornos's Spanish Grammar.
LESSON I.
Regular Verb. — First Conjugation.
Terminations of the Indicative Present.
Singular.
Plural
1. o.
1. amos.
2. as.
2. áis.
3. a.
3....
Lesson II.
Masculine Nouns
Feminine Nouns
Señor (Sr.).
Sir, Mr., or Lord.
Señora (Sra.).
Madam, or Mrs. Lady, or My lady.
Caballero
Gentleman, sir.
Señorito
Young...
Lesson III.
Estudiar. (Infinitive.)
To study.
Estudio.
I study.
Estudias.
Thou studiest.
Estudia.
He studies.
Estudiamos.
We study.
Estudiáis.
You study.
Estudian.
They...
Lesson IV.
Comprar [ 1 ] (Infinitive.)
To buy.
Compro.
I buy.
Compras.
Thou buyest.
Compra.
He buys
Compramos.
We buy.
Compráis.
You buy.
Compran.
They buy.
Buscar.
To...
Lesson IX
Vivir. (Infinitive.)
To Live.
Vivo.
I live.
Vives.
Thou Livest.
Vive.
He Lives.
Vivimos.
We Live.
Vivís.
You Live.
Viven.
They live.
Mis (plural.)
My.
Sus...
Lesson V.
Necesitar. (Infinitive.)
To need, or to be in want of.
Necesito.
I need.
Necesitas.
Thou needest.
Necesita.
He needs.
Necesitamos.
We need.
Necesitáis.
You...
Lesson VI.
Regular Verb. —Second Conjugation.
Indicative Present —Terminations.
Singular
Plural.
1. o.
1. emos.
2. es.
2. éis.
3. e.
3. en.
Aprender. (Infinitive.)
To...
Lesson VII.
Leer. (Infinitive.)
To read.
Leo.
I read.
Lees.
Thou readest.
Lee.
He reads
Leemos.
We read.
Leéis.
You read.
Leen.
They read.
Comer.
To eat, to...
Lesson VIII.
Third Conjugation.
Indicative Present — Terminations.
Singular.
Plural.
1. o.
1. imos.
2. es.
2. ís.
3. e.
3. en.
Escribir. (Infinitive.)
To...
Lesson X.
Tener.
To have.
Tengo.
I have.
Tienes.
Thou hast.
Tiene.
He has.
Tenemos.
We have.
Tenéis.
You have.
Tienen.
They have.
Objective Case.
Lo, le, los (masc....
Lesson XI.
Irregular Auxillary Verb of the Second Conjugation.
Ser [ 1 ] (Infinitive.)
To be.
Soy.
I am.
Eres.
Thou art.
Es.
He is.
Somos.
We are.
Sois.
You are.
Son.
They...
Lesson XII.
Irregular Auxillary of the Second Conjugation.
Haber. (Inifinitive.)
To have.
He.
I have.
Has.
Thou hast.
Ha.
He has.
Hemos.
We have.
Habéis.
You...
Lesson XIII.
Querer. (Irregular.)
To wish, to be willing, to love.
Querido.
Wished, loved, dear.
Quiero.
I wish, or am willing.
Quieres.
Thou wishest.
Quiere.
He...
Lesson XIV.
Llevar, llevado.
Carry, carried.
Enviar, enviado.
To send, sent.
Tomar, tomado.
To take, taken.
Pagar, pagado.
To pay, paid.
Traer, traído.
Bring,...
Lesson XV.
Pronunciar, pronunciado.
To pronounce, pronounced.
Tocar, tocado.
To touch, touched ; to play, played.
Cantar, cantado.
To sing, sung.
Reinar, reinado.
To reign,...
Lesson XVI.
First Conjugation — Preterit.
Terminations
Singular.
Plural
1. é.
1. amos.
2. aste.
2. asteis.
3. ó.
3. aron.
Hablé.
I spoke.
Hablaste.
Thou...
Vocabulary
Trabajar.
To work.
Mandar.
To command. To send.
Quien, quienes.
Who.
A quien, á quienes.
Whom, to whom.
¿Que? Que.
What (inter.), who, that, of which.
Cuál,...
Observations
On Some of the Advantageous Features of the "De Tornos's Combined Method."
1st. The advantage of presenting the verb as the first and principal part of speech, which serves as the...
Preface
It is an undoubted fact that in teaching, not only languages, but any other science or art, there neither is, nor can be, any other method than the uniting of theory with practice ; and...
Reviser's Preface
Professor De Tornos's Combined Spanish Method, first published thirty years ago, has won for itself an established position among students of the Spanish language. After the...
A common noun is a noun that describes a class of things. For example, the common noun dog applies to millions of possible dogs, not just one specific one.
Common nouns can be used to refer to...
Bulletin Board
Mar 1: hartnell takes full responsibility (and pride) in writing the forearm jerk article.
Feb 28: Finished most of List of Countries. We're sure there's a few countries that...
Compound nouns are nouns that are made of two or more words. The words may be separated by a space, pushed together, or separated by a hyphen.
Examples :
swimming...
Computational Linguistics is a branch of Linguistics that uses computers to study languages
Related Pages
Linguistics
Natural Language Processing
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Categories: Linguistics
A conjunction is used to link together two words or phrases of the same type.
English conjunctions include :
and
or
For example :
The monkey and the rhino battled to the death.
Would you like...
A ConLang is an artificial language constructed for a specific purpose or as a hobby by people (like us) who have a general interest in languages.
Related...
Consonants are speech sounds created by obstructing the airstream.
The consonants of English are:
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
Q
R
S
T
V
W
X
Y
Z
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Articulatory...
A contraction is the demonic lovechild of two other words.
For example:
Don't is the demonic lovechild of do and not
Can't is the demonic lovechild of can and not
The list of words could go on...
What it takes to Create a Language?
Why would you want to?
If you want to create a language, for something like only your friends could only understand you, then please include the amount of...
A creole is a language that is the result of a pidgin being used over a long enough time to become functional.
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Yiddish
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The Cryillic Alphabet is used to write the Russian language.
It features a few borrowed letters from the Latin Alphabet in modified form.
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Alphabet
Latin...
What is a Dead Language?
A dead language is a language that is no longer used as a primary language by anyone.
Latin: One Really Dead Language
Latin is an example of a dead language. It was...
A declension is sort of like a conjugation for a noun, pronoun or adjective. Latin and German use declensions, as well as many other European languages. It's basically making a noun agree with...
A definite article is "the" in a sentence.
The Apple
The Person
The House
These change from language to language
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German
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Swedish
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A degree modifier is a modifier that modifies an adjective by degree.
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Adjective
Modifier
Word
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What is a Dialect?
A dialect is a sub-categorization of a language.
List of Dialects
American English is a dialect of English.
Cantonese is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese
Castilian is the mother...
A dictionary is a reference book that gives the meanings of various words of a language.
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Misc
Backlinks
Links
The Online Slang Dictionary
Ebonics is a dialect of English spoken almost exclusively in the United States of America.
Related Pages
Dialect
English
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Contents
Preface
The Value of Latin
Introduction: Sounds of the Letters, Syllables, Accent
Lesson I
Use of Case Forms in Latin and English, The Article, Position of the Verb.
Lesson...
First Review Lesson
50.
(1) The subject of a finite1 verb is in the nominative case.
(2) The predicate noun used with a finite form of the verb meaning to be is in the nominative case.
(3) The...
First Supplementary Review
The following Supplementary Reviews, which contain additional material for word study, may be substituted by teachers who wish to do so in place of the reviews...
Introductory Lesson
1. The Latin alphabet is the same as the English, except that the Latin has no j or w.
Vowels and Consonants
2. The vowels, as in English, are a, e, i , o, u, and y. The...
Lesson I.
Noun Inflection: The Article: Position of the Verb
The Use of Case Forms in English
9. In English, one form of the pronoun is used as the subject of a sentence, a different form as the...
Lesson II
Adjectives: Predicate Adjectives and Nouns
Case Forms of Adjectives
18. Adjectives as well as nouns have different case forms in Latin. An adjective agrees in case with the noun to...
Lesson III
Indirect Object: Dative with Adjectives: Position of the Genitive and Dative
Indirect Object
25. The word denoting the person to whom something is given or said is called the Indirect...
Lesson IV
The Ablative: The Vocative: The First Declension
The Ablative Case
33. The case used in Latin to express relations which are indicated in English by the prepositions from, in, and with...
Lesson V
Present Indicative: Agreement of Verb: The Infinitive: First Conjugation
The Tense Forms of the English Verb
42. The English verb has three forms for the present tense; walks, does...
Lesson VI
Gender of Nouns: Second Declension, -UM Nouns: Agreement of Adjectives
Gender
52. In Latin, gender is only a part of a distinction based on sex. Many nouns referring to objects without...
In the preparation of these lessons, the author has kept in view the necessity for simplicity of statement and for the avoidance of unnecessary details. The purpose has been to furnish drill on...
A very large proportion of the words of the English language is derived from Latin. In some instances words have been taken directly, without change of form. For example, terminus, stimulus,...
An Elementary Spanish Reader was originally published 1876. The original text of the version presented here was published in 1912.
The version represented here is not exactly the same as that...
Elementary Spanish Reader
Preface
Chapter I.
El Cuendo Del Pollo / The Chicken's Story
One day a chicken enters a forest. An acorn falls on his head. The poor chicken believes that the sky has fallen on him. He runs to inform the...
The increasing study of Spanish in high schools and colleges has made necessary the preparation of a text of a simpler character than those now in common use.
In the present text, especially in...
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French
German
Germanic
Latin
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Related Pages
Dialect
Ebonics
English
English History
Backlinks
Related Pages
English
Grammar
Backlinks
Relation to Latin
English is related to Latin through a large amount of loan words either directly transferred from Latin or first descended from Latin to a Latin-based language and then...
Esperanto is an artificial language created by L. L. Zamenhof in 1887 with the hope that it would become an international common or universal...
Adjectives modify a noun by describing or expressing a quality or characteristic of that noun.
Adjectives in Esperanto always end in -a.
Common Adjectives :
bela : beautiful
bona :...
Adverbs in Esperanto end in -e.
Related Pages
Esperanto
Esperanto: Parts of Speech
Esperanto: Verbs
Adverb
Backlinks
This page is a reference of Esperanto Affixes.
Prefixes
Prefix
Example
Explanation
mal-
maljuna
Reverses the meaning of a word. In the example, juna (young) means old with the mal-...
Related Pages
Alphabet
Esperanto
Esperanto: Pronunciation
Backlinks
Footnotes
1. …as they are calling themselves these days
There are no indefinite articles in Esperanto. If in English a word seems to need the indefinite articles a or an, the word is simply used by itself without any article.
Esperanto only has one...
Parts of Speech
Sentence Structure
Related Pages
Esperanto
Grammar
Backlinks
Esperanto is an artificial language created by L. L. Zamenhof with the hope that it would become an international common or universal language.
First Publication
Esperanto was first published as...
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Esperanto
Esperanto: Adjectives
Esperanto: Parts of Speech
Esperanto: Pronouns
Noun
Backlinks
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Esperanto
Esperanto: Grammar
Parts of Speech
Backlinks
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Esperanto
Esperanto: Nouns
Esperanto: Parts of Speech
Pronoun
Backlinks
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Esperanto
Esperanto: Alphabet
Backlinks
Direct objects in Esperanto end in -n.
If the direct object is described by an adjective, it also receives the -n ending.
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Esperanto
Esperanto: Grammar
Sentence
Backlinks
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Esperanto
Esperanto: Adverbs
Esperanto: Parts of Speech
Verb
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Esperanto
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Dead Language
Language Shift
Natural Language
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Table of Contents
General
Who is this wiki for?
Is the Language Wiki Reliable?
General
Who is this wiki for?
Anyone who enjoys learning about languages, linguistic, and other things...
Faroese is a language spoken by u9 and a few other people.
Farose is a member of the Germanic language family.
Related Pages
Germanic
List of Languages
Backlinks
Featured Article : The Forearm Jerk
The forearm jerk is a popular gesture in Europe as a way of saying FU. Unfortunately it has been modified by those crazy and slightly wussy Americans.
The...
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Gesture
Backlinks
French is a Latin-based language spoken mainly in France. Of all Latin-based languages, French is the closest to Latin and continues to confuse high school students all over the world.
Related...
Related Pages
Government-And-Binding Theory
Grammar
Noam Chomsky
Transformational Grammar
Backlinks
Categories: Grammar
Related Pages
English
Germanic
Language
Yiddish
Backlinks
What is Germanic?
The Germanic language family all have as their common ancestor a proto-language originating from Scandinavia, sometime around 500 B.C.
List of Germanic...
Related Pages
Forearm Jerk
Sign Language
Backlinks
Things to do:
Edit pages
Post in forum
Help new members
Gothic is an extinct language in the Germanic language family.
Related Pages
Germanic
Language
Backlinks
What is Grammar?
Grammar is the rules and guidelines used to write a language.
Parts of Speech
The Parts of Speech are the main category of words that classify 8 sub-categories of words by the...
Haiku is a form of structured poetry that originates in Japan.
Related Pages
Choka
Haiku
Japan
Poetry
Renga
Syllables
Tanka
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Hangul is the modern way to write Korean, having replaced Hanja, which sucked.
Hangul is an alphabet that is written in clusters from left to right.
Related Pages
Alphabet
Hanja
Korean
List...
Hanja was the old way to write Korean with Chinese characters.
The Good, Bad and the Ugly: Hanja
As I was saying, Hanja were used to write Korean. but the strangest thing is that they were...
Hanzi are ideographs and pictographs used to write Chinese.
History of Hanzi
Hanzi were originally pictures used to show an idea (such as "日" (sun) or "月" (moon)), but this didn't give...
Hanzi should not be learned if you're only beginning Chinese. This will slow down your learning speed, due to the fact you will need to learn about 10,000 of them. But don't let this scare you....
First of all, we're going to show you what Hanzi are, and how they came to be.
History of Hanzi
Hanzi started out as pictures of the objects they represented, or pictographs. Over time they...
Welcome to Step 3. In this section we'll actually start to learn a few characters; and obviously, methods of remembering them ;)
Also: from now on, we'll use proper tone marks to show pinyin...
Hebrew is a ancient and modern language spoken now in Israel.
Hebrew Alphabet
The Hebrew Alphabet is sometimes called the alefbet.
Related...
Related Pages
*
Backlinks
Related Pages
Alphabet
Japanese
Kanji
Katakana
Romanji
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Historical Linguistics is the study of the change of languages over time (known as language change).
Related Pages
Dead Language
Extinct Language
Language Change
Language Death
Language...
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word in the same language, but has a different meaning. The spelling of homophones may differ as well.
Related...
What is a Hyphen?
A hyphen is a form of punctuation. It is a short horizontal line ( - ).
Uses of the Hyphen
Compound Nouns
A hyphen can be used to separate compound...
An ideograph is a picture or symbol that represents a word or idea.
The Kanji of Japanese and the Hanzi of Mandarin Chinese are all ideographs.
Strangely enough, ideographs are popular as...
Combined Spanish Method
Reviser's Preface
Preface
Observations
Introduction
Lesson I
Lesson II
Lesson III
Lesson IV
Lesson V
Lesson VI
Lesson VII
Lesson VIII
Lesson IX
Lesson X
Lesson...
Elementary Latin
Preface
The Value of Latin
Introduction
Lesson I
Lesson II
Lesson III
Lesson IV
Lesson V
First Review Lesson
Lesson VI
First Supplementary Review
Lesson VII
Lesson...
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Spanish in Twenty Lessons
Preface
Directions
Libro Primero
Lección Primera
Where it Originates
Indo-European languages all come from Europe and the Indian sub-continent.
Indo-European Languages
Several hundred languages are Indo-European, but we'll try to mention a...
An infix is an affix placed somewhere inside the word. Esperanto has a very large number of infixes.
Related Pages
Affix
Backlinks
Categories: Morphology
Interjections are added to sentences for expression. Some of the funnest words in any language are interjections. They have nothing else to do with the sentence structure.
Related Pages
Parts...
Intonation is the emotional tone in which something is said. In English, intonation is sometimes referred to as a person's tone of voice.
The intonation of a phrase is thought to carry MORE...
Irish is the primary language of Ireland, and is a member of the Goidelic language family. It's closely related to the other languages of the British Isles such as Scot Gaelic or Manx. There...
Italian is a Latin-based language spoken primarily in Italy and by a few movie mobsters.
The current writer is unsure if 'bambino' is an actual Italian word.
Related...
Related Pages
Hiragana
Language
List of Languages
Kanji
Katakana
Backlinks
Jargon is a set of specialized words and phrases used by a specific group of people.
Related Pages
Slang
Word
Backlinks
Links
Dictionary of Management Jargon
Please change this page according to your policy (configure first using Site Manager) and remove this note.
Who can join?
You can write here who can become a member of this site.
Join!
So you...
Kanji (漢字) are ideographs used instead of hiragana or katakana. About 5,000 are needed in Japanese.
The use of the "small tsu" (っ or ﾂ)
This is basically used for doubling the previous...
Katakana (カタカナ) is the second alphabet used in Japanese to show foreign words, or to emphasize something.
アイウエオ/A I U E O
サシスセソ/Sa Shi Su Se So
カキクケコ/Ka Ki...
Klingon ( tlhIngan Hol ) is a ConLang based on the Klingon language from the sci-fi series, Star Trek. While Hamlet has been converted to Klingon, it's primary use is by Trekkies showing off at...
Korean is a language spoken in countries which have Korea in their name, most notably North Korea and South Korea.
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Language
Backlinks
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Accent
Artificial Language
Competence
ConLang
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What is Language Acquisition?
Language Acquisition is the study of how people learn languages.
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Language change is the changes in a language over time. Language change is studied by the field of Historical Linguistics.
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Language contact is a type of language change where two or more languages change because speakers of both languages come in contact with each other.
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Language Death is the process by which an actively used language falls out of use and therefore becomes a dead language. When language death is the result of one language replacing another, it...
What is a Language Family?
A language family is a group of related languages, all of which have the same ancestor. Sometimes this ancestor is unknown and strictly hypothetical. Such a language...
Language pathology encompasses all that can go wrong with and limit the use of language, usually due to a solid blow to the head.
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Language shift is a process where an active language is replaced by another language. If the language shift happens rapidly, the language being replaced may become an extinct language.
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Welcome to the Language Wiki!
Welcome to the Language Wiki! We've everything and anything on language, feel free to add anything you want. Maybe even learn a language?
We currently have over 250...
Latin is a seemingly overcomplicated dead language once spoken in ancient Rome. Latin is the basis for several modern languages, including French and Spanish
Alphabet
Parts of...
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Latin has no articles. With the English translation of a noun, a, an, or the is generally supplied as the sense requires. Puella means the girl or a girl according to the meaning of the sentence...
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Adjectives
benigna - kind
bona - good
magna - large
pulchra - beautiful
Conjunctions
et - and
Nouns
agricola - farmer
amícita - friendship
aqua - water
fémina - woman
fília -...
Letters are the characters / symbols that represent vocal sounds and are used to create words in a language. All the letters in a language make up it's alphabet.
Most letters are a single...
What is Linguistics?
Linguistics is study of language.
Overview of Linguistics
As a science, linguistics looks for common properties of all languages.
Branches of Linguistics
Anthropological...
A
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
B
The...
foldunfold
Table of Contents
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
A
Afrikaans
American Sign Language
Amharic
Arabic
Aramaic
Armenian
B
Basque
Bengali
Bohemian...
This is a list of people who have contributed to the field of Linguistics or the study of Language in general.
Linguists
Charles Hockett
Jim Milroy
Herbert Allen Giles
L. L. Zamenhof
Leslie...
This list of Spanish words for getting drunk is sure to be controversial. However, please consider these points before attempting to give your (probably unwanted) opinion.
Many of the words are...
L. L. Zamenhof or Ludwik Łazarus Zamenhof or Doctor Esperanto was the creator of Esperanto.
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A loan word is a word that has been 'borrowed' from another language through language contact. For example, English, though related to German, has many loan words from Latin and...
A language spoken in Northern China. See Chinese for more information.
Welcome to crouchingtiger22's Mandarin Chinese: Lesson 1.
Xin1 Ci2
New words
Wo3
I
Ni3
You
Ta1
He/She/It
Wo3men
We
Ni3men
You...
Introduction
Welcome to crouchingtiger22's Mandarin Chinese: Lesson 2.
In this lesson we'll cover:
The formation of questions
Measure words
More new words
Numbers
Forming Questions
What you...
Welcome to crouchingtiger22's Mandarin Chinese: Lesson 3.
In This Section We'll Cover:
The Importance of Word Order
Ways to Remember Tones
Combining Everything So Far
Reviewing
The...
Welcome to crouchingtiger22's Mandarin Lesson 4.
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Manx is a language mainly spoken in the Isle of Man. It's similar to Scot Gaelic and Irish.
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To Do
Tableize and fix text of Chapter 1 of Elementary Spanish Reader
Create member page section.
Combined Spanish Method Lesson XVII is incomplete.
Members:
Moderators
Admins
This page exists to link to pages that do not have a proper parent page.
Creating a Language
Cryptography
Dictionary
Gesture
List of Countries
List of...
A modifier is a word that modifies another word. There are only two types of modifiers : adverbs and adjectives. Phrases that can be used as adverbs and adjectives can also be considered...
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Agreement
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Natural languages are languages that were developed by use, over time. Natural languages are classified by a family.
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Extinct...
Neuro-Linguistic Programming or NLP is the study of how language is used to construct and manipulate subjective, personal models of reality. It is not related to the 'harder' science of...
Neurolinguistics is a field that studies the relationship between language and the human brain.
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NLP could mean :
Natural Language Processing, a way for computers to take commands in the form of sentences.
Neuro-Linguistic Programming, the study of how language constructs and can change...
Noam Chomsky is the Steven Hawkings of linguistics.
Transformational Grammar, and Generative Grammar were his ideas.
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Norwegian is a Germanic language mainly spoken in Norway. It is similar to Swedish, and has many different dialects.
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Word
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Noun gender is when nouns have gender : they can be considered as masculine, feminine, or neuter.
In most Latin-based languages nouns can be masculine, feminine, or neuter. A word generally is...
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Noun
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An object is the receiver of the action of a verb in a sentence.
Indirect Object
Direct Object
The direct object of a sentence is the… er… direct receiver of the action in a...
An occult language is a language used by various religions and other belief systems in rituals. Enochian is an example of an occult language.
Occult groups are also fond of faking Latin to use...
Onomatopoeia are words standing for a sound such as "Bang!", "Crash!", "Whosh!" and "Pffft!"
These were notoriously used in the Batman movies of the 1960's.1
In Japanese, these also exist, but...
Cantonese and Mandarin, among all the other Chinese languages were originally one very big language, called "Middle Chinese". Then a break came, and these divided up into smaller categories....
The Parts of Speech
Adjective
Adverb
Article
Conjunction
Derivation
Determiner
Distribution
Inflection
Interjection
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Preposition
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Verb
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A phoneme is a single, distinct sound of a language.
Phonemes are usually represented between slash signs : /k/, /h/, etc
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Phonology is a term that relates to the sounds available in a language. The various sounds in a language can range from vowel sounds to a strange clicking sound made by people who hide in bushes...
What is a Phrase?
A phrase is a group of related words.
Types of Phrases
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Prepositional Phrase
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A pictograph is a symbol or picture that literally represents something. For example, a picture of a cow literally represents one cow, and if you have cows, this is useful to keep track of how...
A pidgin is a primitive language composed of two other languages. A pidgin naturally occurs where two groups of people with no common language must interact.
Over time the pidgin may become a...
Pig Latin is a play on the English language. It changes the sound order, and is mainly used by children and adults who think that children didn't invent Pig Latin.
Pig Latin is quite simple.
If...
Pingyam is the way of transliterating Cantonese, like Pinyin for Mandarin.
Pingyam is used for :
Imputing Hanzi on computers
A way of writing without the knowledge of Hanzi
A way to remember...
Pinyin, or Pin Yin or 拼音 or more officially Hanyu Pinyin is the official (endorsed by the Chinese government) way of transliterating Mandarin Chinese.1 Therefore it is the most widely used...
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Polish ( Polski, Polszczyzna ) is a language spoken in Europe, mainly in Poland.
Polish is closely related to Czech, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Slovak, and Upper Sorbian.
Polish...
Latin Roots
Because of the Latin roots of Polish, many English words have similar forms in Polish :
The -tion of most nouns in English can be changed to -cja to make a Polish noun.
information -...
Portuguese is a Latin-based language spoken mainly in Portugal and Brazil.
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The predicate is the second major part of the structure of a sentence and describes the subject or tells what it does.
In the sentence, Caveman SMASH, the word SMASH would be the entire...
A prefixes are tacked onto the front of words to modify their meaning.
In English, you can apply a prefix to any word. However, it's usage tends to be limited to whether or not using the prefix...
Prepositions are used to link two words together.
Ablative Case
Some languages, such as Latin 'encode' prepositions using noun inflection and the ablative case. Therefore, to show, from, with,...
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A proper noun is a noun that describes a specific something, such as the NAME of a person or place.
Darth Vader (name of a character)
Death Valley (name of a place)
Absurdism (a specific...
A proto-language is a hypothetical ancestor of a language family. For example, the Germanic language family is attributed to a proto-language that is theorized to have existed in Scandinavia...
What is Punctuation?
Punctuation consists of characters and symbols used in a writing system that does not denote a sound or idea. They denote flow, pacing, emotion and other things.
Punctuation...
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Romanian is a language spoken in Romania. It has many cases, and is well known in games like Hitman Contracts and more.
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Romanji is a Japanese writing-system that uses the Latin Alphabet to transliterate Japanse words that would otherwise be written in Hiragana, Katakana, or Kanji. It is used for learning Japanese...
Russian is a language spoken primarily in Russia.
Russian Alphabet
The Russian Alphabet is known as the Cyrillic Alphabet.
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Scot Gaelic is a language mainly spoken in Scotland, and in some pars of America.
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Irish
Manx
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Blah Blah
blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha blah blah blha
Blah...
Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of language.
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A sign language is version of a language that uses gestures to express words. Sign languages are often used by people who can't hear and / or speak (but have fingers.)
The most-well known sign...
Simplified Characters are used in China. They were originally used to improve literacy rates in the PRC1 (which was very low in the '50s). Traditional Characters were used before Simplified, and...
Slang is a subset of informal words in a language that are created by a group of specific people and fall in and out of fashion. Because slang is like fashion, the use of various slang can make...
Sociolinguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies how socio-economic factors such as class and race affect language.
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Spain is a country in Europe.
Languages Spoken in Spain
The official language of Spain is Spanish.
Basque
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Europe
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Spanish ( Español ) is a Latin-based language spoken in Spain and in Central and South America.
History
Alphabet
Pronunciation
Grammar
Parts of...
The *Spanish Alphabet* is similar to the English alphabet. It has 28 letters, ch, ll, and rr are single letters, and w is only used in foreign words. The names of Spanish letters are considered...
Parts of Speech
Sentence Structure
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Spanish is descended from Latin.
The home country of Spanish is Spain.
From Spain it was spread to Latin America.
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Spanish
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Spanish in Twenty Lessons, or The Cortina Method was originally published in 1889.
Contents
Preface
Directions
Libro Primero
Lección Primera
Spanish in Twenty...
Directions
Methods are the masters of masters. —Talleyrand.
How to Study by This Method.
AT the beginning of each lesson the new words with their pronunciation, as given in the vocabularies,...
Lección Primera1
Vocabulario usado en esta Lección.2
Word
Pronunciation
Meaning
Yo deseo
yo day-say'-oh
I wish.
Hablar
ah-blahrr'
to speak.
Hablarme
ah-blahrr'-may
to speak to...
Libro Primero1
(first book)
Parte Primera2
(part first).
Alphabeto Español3
(Spanish Alphabet)
The Spanish alphabet contains four letters that differ from the English : the ñ, ch, ll, and rr,...
Preface
The great advantage of this method is that it enables the learner to acquire a thorough knowledge of the Spanish language in the shortest possible time. it simplifies learning greatly,...
Useful lists relating to the Spanish Language.
List of Spanish words for getting drunk
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Spanish
Backlinks
Nouns
Verbs
Pronouns
Related Pages
Spanish
Spanish: Grammar
Parts of Speech
Backlinks
él - he, him
ella - she, her
ellos - they, them (masculine)
ellas - them, them (feminine)
nosotras - we, us (feminine)
nosotros - we, us (masculine)
tú - you (familiar)
usted - you...
Each letter in Spanish only has one sound.
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Spanish
Spanish: Alphabet
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Combined Spanish Method
Spanish in Twenty Lessons
Elementary Spanish Reader
Spanish verbs are generally separated into two parts. The stem and termination.
Verb Stems and Terminations
Verb stems are easy to recognize, they are the part before ar, er or ir. Verb...
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List of Spanish Words for Getting Drunk
Spanish
Backlinks
What is a Subject?
A subject the giver of the action of a sentence.
Sentence Structure
The subject is part of any clause along with it's verb.
Related...
A suffix is a series of letters appended to the end of a word that changes it's meaning.
For example, in Spanish, -ito and ita are frequently added to names to suggest fondness :
abuelita :...
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Language
Norwegian
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Footnotes
1. I am
2. You are
3. He/She is
4. I
5. You
6. He
7. She
8. It
9. It
10. One
11. We
12. You
13. They
14. Me
15. You
16. Him
17....
When pronounced, words may be divided into one or more syllables.
Most languages require that each syllable have at least one vowel or diphthong at minimum. Therefore, many languages divide...
Hello, You have the Serbo-Croatian on the list, and this language does not exist any more. You should separate to Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian language. They're all the same, but each day they are...
A something is…
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Thai is a language spoken primarily in Thailand.
It uses tones and has it's own alphabet to represent sounds. It has over 60 million speakers.
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Tones
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Tones distinguish words from one another.
Tones can change from language to language. Some languages may not use tones to distinguish words, but to compel emotion into a sentence.
As in English,...
edit this page
history
talk
The theory of Transformational Grammar states that every sentence has a deeper structure of it's actual meaning, and a surface structure which depends on the various rules of grammar.
For...
Transliteration is the process of phonetically translating the sound of a word in one alphabet or pictograph system into a standard alphabet of another.
Japanese Romanji
Japanese uses a pretty...
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Auxiliary Verb
Clause
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Footnotes
1. The poor hamster is given no chance for escape in our...
Vernacular is the ordinary, everyday use of a language by a local group of people, as contrasted with proper speech as designated by a standard language.
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Dialect
Standard...
The vocal tract is the path air takes from the lungs to the lips to produce the sounds of speech.
Related Pages
Articulatory Phonetics
Backlinks
Volapük was created by a German priest on the basis that all natural languages suck. Like Esperanto, Volapük was intended to become a universal world language.
In Volapük, it's own name...
Vowels are speech sounds created without any significant obstruction to the airstream.
Some sounds typically considered to be consonants are in fact vowels : y in yes and m in all cases.
In the...
Wade-Giles is a system of transliteration of Mandarin Chinese.
History of Wade-Giles
Wade-Giles was invented by Thomas Francis Wade and refined and standardized by Herbert Allen Giles and his...
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Yiddish is a creole that developed from a pidgin of Hebrew and German. Even though it is a descendant of both German and Hebrew, Yiddish is classified in the Germanic language family.
Related...